Contents:
- Introduction
- What is executive function?
- Signs of executive function differences
- 5 tips to improve executive function
- Final thoughts
Introduction
You want to be on time. And yet, you’re always late. You want to remember an extremely important piece of information. Yet, it somehow always evades your mind when you least expect it. Focusing on tasks for extended periods feels harder than climbing mountain after mountain and you find it hard to control your emotions.
If you have ADHD, you likely struggled with one or more of these issues. They can be signs of executive functioning differences and often go hand in hand with ADHD. While they can make life challenging, they’re not insurmountable obstacles. Here’s everything you need to know to improve executive function.
What is the executive function?
Executive function is a set of processes and mental skills that help you manage emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. People with good executive function find it easy to make plans, organize their time, and control their emotions.
There are three core executive functions:
- Inhibitor control
- Working memory
- Cognitive flexibility.
Inhibitor control governs attention and behavior. Resisting temptations, thinking before you speak, staying focused on a task for as long as needed, having discipline, and persevering all require inhibitor control.
The working memory is the capacity to remember and use information you previously memorized. Short-term memory doesn’t require manipulating information, so it doesn’t belong in this category. A good working memory helps you reflect on the past, analyze events, relate ideas to one another, and make sense of events that unfold over time.
Finally, cognitive flexibility helps you adjust to unexpected change quickly, think outside the box, look at a situation from various perspectives, and understand and admit when you’re wrong.
ADHD and executive function—what is the connection?
When someone struggles with one or more core executive functions, they likely have executive functioning differences. It’s an issue anyone can have, but it seems to be more commonly associated with ADHD.
In children with ADHD, around 50% experience signs of executive functioning differences. We don’t know what the numbers look like in adults. But a 2021 study looked at 39 college students, 19 of whom had ADHD. Of them, the participants with ADHD who also showed high hyperactive-impulsivity preferred small tasks, followed by immediate rewards.
This preference for short-term results and complete disregard for future long-term rewards is a classic sign of executive functioning differences. While the study is small, it is a powerful sign that people with ADHD continue to struggle with executive functioning differences throughout adulthood.
Signs of executive functioning differences
You have ADHD and maybe struggle to focus. Does that mean you have executive functioning differences? It could be, but the issue is more complex. There’s no definitive, formal diagnosis of these differences. But there are a set of signs to look for. These include:
- Difficulty focusing
- Difficulty meeting deadlines
- Forgetting things
- Challenges with task prioritization
- Difficulty being somewhere on time, no matter how much you try
- Difficulty regulating emotions.
If one of these signs happens once or twice, it’s not an issue. Anyone can forget something or be late for an event at some point in their lives. But for people with executive functioning differences and ADHD, these signs reoccur often, impacting their quality of life.
5 tips to improve executive function with ADHD
Struggling with executive functioning differences signs day after day can be exhausting. Blaming and hating yourself won’t get you anywhere. There’s nothing inherently wrong with you. Your brain simply functions a little bit differently. Luckily, there are things you can do to improve your executive function.
1. Write things down
Have you ever thought, “There’s no way I’ll forget this, no need to write it down”, only to realize days, weeks, or months later that information has completely vanished from your memory?
The working memory is one of the core executive functions, and one many people with ADHD struggle with. Luckily, there’s a quick fix: writing everything down. It may not improve your memory, but you’ll have a reference to go back to whenever you need it.
If taking notes feels challenging or isn’t available to you at a certain moment, get creative. For instance, you can use the voice recorder function on your phone to save important thoughts.
2. Use a planner
Getting organized with ADHD can be a nightmare. Tasks keep piling up with no end or escape in sight. It may sound cliche, but a planner can go a long way to making your life easier and improving your executive function.
New tasks will keep appearing. But it will be easier to keep everything organized and know what’s coming. There’s no right or wrong approach to planners. You can write everything down in your journal, doodle on a poster to hang on the wall or use an app.
You can have it all as a plain list of to-dos, or use a visual planner, adding colors or images to help you navigate through tasks quicker. We may be biased, but we recommend the Tiimo Daily Planner. It not only lets you create a to-do list, but you can also assign time slots for each task, as well as colors and stickers.
3. Breathe before you react
Overreacting, speaking before you think, and saying things you don’t mean are things people with ADHD often struggle with and are a direct consequence of having little to no inhibitor control. It is often an impulse that’s hard to correct, but unfortunately, can have disastrous effects both at work and in your personal life.
One way to gain more control over your emotions is to remind yourself to take a breath before reacting to something. Whether you feel you’re getting angry or want to express a strong opinion, take a deep breath (or two) before you verbalize your thoughts.
Breathing in these situations can help you find a sense of calm and realize that what you are about to say may be too harsh.